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Battaglione Azad Hindoustan
''Battaglione Azad Hindoustan'' (Italian: "Free India Battalion") was a foreign legion unit formed in Fascist Italy under the ''Raggruppamento Centri Militari'' in July 1942. The unit, raised initially as ''Centro I'', was headed by Mohammad Iqbal Shedai〔Borra R. ''Subhas Chandra Bose, the Indian National Army, and the war of India's liberation.'' J Hist Rev.Winter, 1982; vol. 03 no. 4: p. 407.〕 – a long term Indian resident of Rome – and was formed of Indian ex-prisoners-of-war from India.〔Lundari. ''I Paracadutisti Italiani 1937-45''. p. 90〕
Raised along with units dedicated to Tunisia (''Centro T'') and the Arabs (''Centro A''), it was tasked to intelligence gathering and sabotage operations behind enemy lines. A part of ''Centro I'' was renamed ''Battaglione Azad Hindoustan'' in August 1942 when the ''Raggruppamento Centri Militari'' itself was redesignated as ''Raggruppamento Frecce Rosse'' ("Red Arrows group").〔Lundari. ''I Paracadutisti Italiani 1937-45''. p. 99〕 By the time of its disbandment in November 1942, ''Battaglione Azad Hindoustan'' came to be between three hundred and fifty〔 and four hundred strong.〔
Units of the ''Raggruppamento Frecce Rosse'' were intended to infiltrate on the ground, from submarines and by parachute. Accordingly, a further unit was raised within the ''Battaglione Azad Hindoustan'' to form the ''plotone paracadutisti'' ("parachute platoon"). The chosen troops were sent for paratroop combat training to the parachute school at Tarquinia.〔
==Uniform==
The soldiers of the ''Battaglione Azad Hindoustan'' wore standard Italian military uniforms. However – unlike the troops of the German-raised ''Legion Freies Indien'', who had peaked field caps – all the troops of the ''Battaglione Azad Hindoustan'' wore a turban of the colour of the Italian ''Sahariana'' tunic. Additionally, the troops wore on their tunics collar patches with three vertical stripes in the saffron, white and green (reflecting the colours of the Indian National Congress that was at the time the focus of the nationalist movement). Italians serving in the ''Battaglione Azad Hindoustan'' were distinguished by stars on the collar patches that was not worn by the Indian troops. The Tarquinia detachment sent for parachute training wore their own collar patches above paratroop-pattern patches, as well as the paratroop badge depicting an open yellow parachute embroidered in rayon thread on the left upper arm.〔
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